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Tamoxifen and raloxifene have been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women with a higher-than-average risk, but these drugs can have their own risks and side effects. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are the only drugs approved in the US to help lower the risk of breast cancer, although for some women, other drugs called aromatase inhibitors might be an option as well.

best place to buy raloxifene

Both tamoxifen and raloxifene increase your risk of developing blood clots in a vein in your leg (deep venous thrombosis) or in your lungs (pulmonary embolism). These clots can sometimes cause serious problems, and even death. In the major studies looking at these drugs for breast cancer prevention, the overall risk of these blood clots over 5 years of treatment was less than 1%. This risk could be higher if you had a serious blood clot in the past, so these drugs are generally not recommended to lower breast cancer risk for anyone with a history of blood clots.

This medication can be affected by other medications including cholestyramin, warfarin, diazepam, diazoxide, and lidocaine. You should not take systemic estrogen medications while taking raloxifene; these include oral form (pills) and topical forms (gels/patches). Be sure to tell your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you take.

There are a number of things you can do to manage the side effects of raloxifene. Talk to your care team about these recommendations. They can help you decide what will work best for you. These are some of the most common or important side effects:

Hot flashes are more common in the first six months of taking raloxifene. There are a few things you can do to help with hot flashes. Several medications have been shown to help with symptoms, including clonidine (a blood pressure medication), low doses of certain antidepressants (such as venlafaxine and fluoxetine), and gabapentin. Talk to your healthcare team about these prescription products to determine if they are right for you.

Taking raloxifene may increase the risk that you will develop a blood clot in your legs or lungs. Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had a blood clot in your legs, lungs, or eyes. Your doctor will probably tell you not to take raloxifene. Stop taking raloxifene and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms: leg pain; feeling of warmth in the lower leg; swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs; sudden chest pain; shortness of breath; coughing up blood; or sudden changes in vision, such as loss of vision or blurred vision.

Remaining still for a long time may increase the chance that you will develop a blood clot. Your doctor will probably tell you to stop taking raloxifene at least three days before a scheduled surgery and not to take the medication if you require an extended period of bed rest for any reason. If you will be having surgery, be sure to tell your doctor that you are taking raloxifene. If you travel while you are taking raloxifene, avoid remaining still (such as sitting in an airplane or car) for long periods of time during your trip.

If you have coronary artery disease (hardening of the arteries that lead to the heart that may cause chest pain or heart attacks) or if you are at high risk of developing coronary artery disease, taking raloxifene may increase the chance that you will have a serious or fatal stroke. Tell your doctor if you have ever had a stroke or mini-stroke, if you smoke, and if you have or have ever had high blood pressure or an irregular heartbeat.

Your doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet (Medication Guide) when you begin treatment with raloxifene and each time you refill your prescription. Read the information carefully and ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions. You can also visit the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website ( ) or the manufacturer's website to obtain the Medication Guide.

Raloxifene comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. Take raloxifene at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take raloxifene exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

You should eat and drink plenty of foods and drinks that are rich in calcium and vitamin D while you are taking raloxifene. Your doctor will tell you which foods and drinks are good sources of these nutrients and how many servings you need each day. If you find it difficult to eat enough of these foods or if you have a condition that makes it difficult for your body to absorb the nutrients that you eat, tell your doctor. In that case, your doctor can prescribe or recommend a supplement.

Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them. However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet. Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. Talk to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in your community. See the FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines website ( ) for more information if you do not have access to a take-back program.

What is raloxifene? Raloxifene is a drug, taken by mouth as a pill. In December 1997, it was approved by the FDA for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In October 1999, it was also approved as an osteoporosis treatment. Studies testing its effectiveness against osteoporosis have shown that women taking the drug developed fewer breast cancers than women taking a placebo. On September 14, 2007, the FDA announced approval of raloxifene for reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and in postmenopausal women at high risk for invasive breast cancer based on the initial results of STAR and results of osteoporosis trials. Raloxifene is not used as a treatment for breast cancer. The known, serious side effect of raloxifene is blood clots. Other side effects include menopause-like symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness as well as joint pain or leg cramps.

What were the STAR results in terms of reducing invasive breast cancer risk? The initial results of STAR showed that raloxifene and tamoxifen were equally effective in reducing invasive breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women at increased risk of the disease after an average of 47 months.

After an average of 81 months, (5 years of medication and 21 months of followup) women in the tamoxifen group had 247 cases of invasive breast cancer in 9,736 women and women in the raloxifene group had 310 cases of invasive breast cancer in 9,754 women. This means that in raloxifene reduces risk of invasive breast cancer by about 38 percent compared to tamoxifen reducing breast cancer by about 50 percent over almost 7 years; or, raloxifene is about 76 percent as effective as tamoxifen in reducing risk for invasive breast cancer over almost 7 years.

How many participants developed other cardiovascular problems? The numbers of myocardial infarctions (heart attacks), strokes, and transient ischemic attacks (strokes that last only a few minutes) were essentially equivalent between the tamoxifen group and the raloxifene group.

Also, women taking menopausal hormone therapy (estrogen or an estrogen/progesterone combination) could not take part in the trial unless they stopped taking this medication. Those who stopped taking these hormones were eligible for the study three months after they discontinued the drugs. Women who had taken tamoxifen or raloxifene for no more than three months were eligible for the study, but they also had to stop the medication for three months before joining STAR.

Notes: Particle size frequencies of Ral-MPs (A), mRal-MPs (B), Ral-NPs (C), and mRal-NPs (D) by SALD-71000. Means SD and particle size frequencies of Ral-NPs (E) and mRal-NPs (F) by NANOSIGHT LM10. Means SE and SPM images of Ral-NPs (G) and mRal-NPs (H). The raloxifene particles remained in the nano size range following bead mill treatment. The particle size frequencies showed no difference between Ral-NPs and mRal-NPs.

Abbreviations: mRal-MPs, transdermal formulation containing raloxifene microparticles and menthol; mRal-NPs, transdermal formulation containing raloxifene nanoparticles and menthol; Ral-MPs, transdermal formulation containing raloxifene microparticles; Ral-NPs, transdermal formulation containing raloxifene nanoparticles; SE, standard error of the mean.

Notes: Particle size frequencies of Ral-NPs 15 days (A) and 30 days (B) after bead mill treatment. Particle size frequencies of mRal-NPs 15 days (C) and 30 days (D) after bead mill treatment. The particle size was measured by NANOSIGHT LM10. SPM images of Ral-NPs (E) and mRal-NPs (F) 30 days after bead mill treatment. (G) Changes in the raloxifene contents of transdermal formulations after bead mill treatment. The data represent the means SE, n=10. The transdermal formulations containing raloxifene nanoparticles were stable because no drug precipitation or degradation was observed during 30 days after preparation. 041b061a72